2001), older adults remain at an increased risk for complications of excess fluid (Arieff 1999 Harris et al. Despite numerous advances to preoperatively optimize patients to undergo surgery (Mangano et al. Therefore, large volume fluid replacement therapy must be carefully approached in older patients because fluid mismanagement can lead to organ dysfunction and death (Brandstrup et al.
This is related to a decline in organ function and age-related maldistribution of electrolytes (Luckey and Parsa 2003 Schlanger et al.
1999 Arieff 1999) because they lack physiologic compensatory mechanisms seen in younger adults (Olsen et al. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to fluid shifts (Doherty and Buggy 2012) that occur during major surgery (Pr et al. Excessive fluid administration in critically ill patients can lead to cardiac complications (Payen et al. Major surgery poses the risk of a patient losing large quantities of blood and fluid.
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